Decarboxylative 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of amino acids for the synthesis of heterocyclic compounds

• Xiaofeng Zhang,
• Xiaoming Ma and
• Wei Zhang

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2023, 19, 1677–1693, doi:10.3762/bjoc.19.123

• developed a 2-azidobenzladehyde-based reaction sequence including a one-pot [3 + 2] cycloaddition, N-acylation and Staudinger/aza-Wittig reactions for the construction of pyrroloquinazolines and pyrrolobenzodiazepines [73]. The AcOH-catalyzed reaction of 2-azidobenzaldehydes, α-substituted amino acids and

New efficient synthesis of polysubstituted 3,4-dihydroquinazolines and 4H-3,1-benzothiazines through a Passerini/Staudinger/aza-Wittig/addition/nucleophilic substitution sequence

• Long Zhao,
• Mao-Lin Yang,
• Min Liu and
• Ming-Wu Ding

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2022, 18, 286–292, doi:10.3762/bjoc.18.32

• –Spengler-like cyclization processes [12]. Some 4-substituted 3,4-dihydroquinazolines were prepared by copper-catalyzed oxidative cross coupling of hydroxy intermediates with various nucleophiles [13]. Other 3,4-dihydroquinazolines were also obtained efficiently by intramolecular aza-Wittig reactions [14

Transition-metal-free intramolecular Friedel–Crafts reaction by alkene activation: A method for the synthesis of some novel xanthene derivatives

• Tülay Yıldız,
• İrem Baştaş and
• Hatice Başpınar Küçük

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2021, 17, 2203–2208, doi:10.3762/bjoc.17.142

• under mild reaction conditions and have widened the substrate scope of alkenes to those containing varied electronic and steric properties. Results and Discussion Our starting alkenes 4a–l are original and were synthesized in four steps involving coupling, Grignard, oxidation, and Wittig reactions. We

A simple and easy to perform synthetic route to functionalized thienyl bicyclo[3.2.1]octadienes

• Dragana Vuk,
• Irena Škorić,
• Valentina Milašinović,
• Krešimir Molčanov and
• Željko Marinić

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 1092–1099, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.96

• were synthesized through Wittig reactions and subjected to photochemical cyclization, in terms of obtaining the new annulated structures. As part of this study, the aldol reaction of the starting 2-substituted carbaldehyde with acetone was also performed, which produced the thieno-fused benzobicyclo

Synthesis of disparlure and monachalure enantiomers from 2,3-butanediacetals

• Adam Drop,
• Hubert Wojtasek and
• Bożena Frąckowiak-Wojtasek

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 616–620, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.57

• the pheromone structures was attached giving compound 20 in 74% yield. Next, removal of the protecting group from the secondary alcohol followed by a Swern oxidation gave aldehyde 21 which was subjected to Wittig reactions with either of the two different alkyl derivatives and catalytic hydrogenation

• (1) and (+)-monachalure (2) were obtained after column chromatography with 87% and 98% yield, respectively. For the synthesis of the (−)-enantiomers 3 and 4 the sequence of attachment of alkyl chains to aldehyde 19 was reversed (Scheme 5). The Wittig reactions with 4-methylpentyltriphenylphosphonium

• 25, followed by Swern oxidation. The second Wittig reactions with the longer alkyl derivative and hydrogenation gave compounds 28 and 29. The diols 7 and 8 were then obtained by cleavage of the butanediacetals and were used for the synthesis of pheromones 3 and 4 using the procedure described

Synthesis of 3-alkenylindoles through regioselective C–H alkenylation of indoles by a ruthenium nanocatalyst

• Abhijit Paul,
• Debnath Chatterjee,
• Srirupa Banerjee and
• Somnath Yadav

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 140–148, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.16

• groups have used Wittig reactions for the synthesis of 3-alkenylindoles [13][14][15]. Another variant that uses the Doebner condensation was reported by Singh and co-worker, who condensed indole-3-carbaldehyde with phenylacetic acid in the presence of pyridine as the solvent/base and piperidine as the

Synthesis of C-glycosyl phosphonate derivatives of 4-amino-4-deoxy-α-ʟ-arabinose

• Lukáš Kerner and
• Paul Kosma

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 9–14, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.2

• . In addition, NOESY correlations were observed between atom H-3 and H-5ax as well as the anomeric proton, which was consistent with the equatorial position of the C-phosphonate entity. Conclusion In conclusion, Wittig reactions of the suitably protected arabinonic lactone allowed for the

Borylation and rearrangement of alkynyloxiranes: a stereospecific route to substituted α-enynes

• Ruben Pomar Fuentespina,
• José Angel Garcia de la Cruz,
• Gabriel Durin,
• Victor Mamane,
• Jean-Marc Weibel and
• Patrick Pale

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2019, 15, 1416–1424, doi:10.3762/bjoc.15.141

• , a β-boron alkoxide C is formed, which probably isomerizes to a 1,2-oxaboretanide D, a known intermediate in bora-Wittig reactions [7], whose fragmentation then stereospecifically forms the observed enyne. Conclusion To summarize, we reported here on a convenient access to stereochemically defined α

The LANCA three-component reaction to highly substituted β-ketoenamides – versatile intermediates for the synthesis of functionalized pyridine, pyrimidine, oxazole and quinoxaline derivatives

• Tilman Lechel,
• Roopender Kumar,
• Mrinal K. Bera,
• Reinhold Zimmer and
• Hans-Ulrich Reissig

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2019, 15, 655–678, doi:10.3762/bjoc.15.61

• group of the prepared intermediates allows further conversion into other functional groups as depicted in the scheme. Wittig reactions provided 4-alkenyl-substituted pyrimidine derivatives such as PM43 or PM47, whereas further oxidation of PM44 afforded the carboxylic acid PM45 in good yield [33

Vinylphosphonium and 2-aminovinylphosphonium salts – preparation and applications in organic synthesis

• Anna Kuźnik,
• Roman Mazurkiewicz and
• Beata Fryczkowska

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2017, 13, 2710–2738, doi:10.3762/bjoc.13.269

• = vinyl, butyl, phenyl) is another way of using vinylphosphonium bromide 8 in the intermolecular Wittig reactions (Scheme 23). Depending on the kind of substituent R and the aldehyde used, the yield of obtained compounds 33 was in the range of 25–80%. The reaction predominantly provided the Z-isomer of

• several interesting synthetic applications, although they have only relatively recently become known. Deprotonated 2-aminovinylphosphonium salts can be employed in Wittig reactions with carbonyl compounds. Thus the intramolecular Wittig reaction of 2-(2-acylphenylamino)vinylphosphonium salts 56 in the

• -Aminobutyric acid is a major neurotransmitter used to treat epilepsy [52]. Analogs of this acid displaying antitumor activity, such as hapalosin, dolastatins, and caliculins were found in natural marine products [53][54][55]. Palacios et al. also described the Wittig reactions of 2-aminovinylphosphonium salts

Mechanochemical synthesis of small organic molecules

• Tapas Kumar Achar,
• Anima Bose and
• Prasenjit Mal

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2017, 13, 1907–1931, doi:10.3762/bjoc.13.186

• -(S)-proline derived catalyst [49]. b) Report using α,α-dipeptide-based catalyst [50]. Mechanochemical Michael reaction [51]. Mechanochemical organocatalytic asymmetric Michael reaction [52]. Mechanochemical Morita–Baylis–Hillman (MBH) reaction [53]. Mechanochemical Wittig reactions [55

Benzothiadiazole oligoene fatty acids: fluorescent dyes with large Stokes shifts

• Lukas J. Patalag and
• Daniel B. Werz

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2016, 12, 2739–2747, doi:10.3762/bjoc.12.270

• examples consisting of the same number of carbon atoms and thus of similar chain length are presented differing in their degree of unsaturation. As major fluorogenic contributor at the terminus benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole was used. Respective syntheses based on Wittig reactions followed by iodine-mediated

• sensitive compounds. However, a drawback of Wittig reactions is the fact that the stereochemistry of the emerging double bond strongly depends on the type of substituent used. Aliphatic residues tend to give the (Z)-isomer. If the thermodynamically more stable (E)-isomer is needed, a subsequent

• . Conclusion In conclusion, we have developed a robust approach to three oligoene-shaped fluorescent fatty acids whose fluorescence efficiency is markedly boosted by an unpolar benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole (BTD) moiety as terminal headgroup. Wittig reactions in combination with Horner–Wadsworth–Emmons reactions

Catalytic Wittig and aza-Wittig reactions

• Zhiqi Lao and
• Patrick H. Toy

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2016, 12, 2577–2587, doi:10.3762/bjoc.12.253

• Zhiqi Lao Patrick H. Toy Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China 10.3762/bjoc.12.253 Abstract This review surveys the literature regarding the development of catalytic versions of the Wittig and aza-Wittig reactions. The first

• section summarizes how arsenic and tellurium-based catalytic Wittig-type reaction systems were developed first due to the relatively easy reduction of the oxides involved. This is followed by a presentation of the current state of the art regarding phosphine-catalyzed Wittig reactions. The second section

• covers the field of related catalytic aza-Wittig reactions that are catalyzed by both phosphine oxides and phosphines. Keywords: aza-Wittig reactions; catalysis; phosphines; phosphine oxides; reduction; silanes; Wittig reactions; Introduction The Wittig reaction is a venerable transformation for

Multicomponent reactions: A simple and efficient route to heterocyclic phosphonates

• Mohammad Haji

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2016, 12, 1269–1301, doi:10.3762/bjoc.12.121

• . Some of these post-MCR transformations are: intramolecular cycloaddition reactions, Knoevenagel condensations, metathesis reactions, aza-Wittig reactions, Mitsunobu reactions, etc. [21]. Up to now, two review articles have been reported on azaheterocyclic phosphonates [22][23], but no overview article

One-pot synthesis of enantiomerically pure N-protected allylic amines from N-protected α-amino esters

• Gastón Silveira-Dorta,
• Sergio J. Álvarez-Méndez,
• Víctor S. Martín and
• José M. Padrón

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2016, 12, 957–962, doi:10.3762/bjoc.12.94

• and threonine derivatives. Keywords: amino acids; olefination; protecting group free; synthetic methods; Wittig reactions; Introduction Allylic amines have received significant attention because they represent a common scaffold in diverse biologically relevant compounds and natural products [1]. In

Lewis acid-promoted hydrofluorination of alkynyl sulfides to generate α-fluorovinyl thioethers

• Davide Bello and
• David O'Hagan

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2015, 11, 1902–1909, doi:10.3762/bjoc.11.205

• Several methods for the synthesis of vinyl thioethers have been reported, including Wittig reactions [8], ionic and radical additions of thiols to alkynes [9] and coupling of 1-alkenyl halides with thiols, among others [10][11]. However, the literature for the preparation of α-fluorovinyl thioethers is

Photochemical approach to functionalized benzobicyclo[3.2.1]octene structures via fused oxazoline derivatives from 4- and 5-(o-vinylstyryl)oxazoles

• Ivana Šagud,
• Simona Božić,
• Željko Marinić and
• Marija Šindler-Kulyk

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 2222–2229, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.230

• .10.230 Abstract Novel cis/trans-4- and cis/trans-5-(2-vinylstyryl)oxazoles have been synthesized by Wittig reactions from the diphosphonium salt of α,α’-o-xylene dibromide, formaldehyde and 4- and 5-oxazolecarbaldehydes, respectively. In contrast, trans-5-(2-vinylstyryl)oxazole has been synthesized by

• /trans-Isomers of 4- and 5-oxazole derivatives (1, 2) were synthesized by Wittig reactions from the diphosphonium salt of α,α’-o-xylene dibromide, formaldehyde and oxazole-4- and 5-carbaldehydes (3, 4), respectively, in absolute ethanol with sodium ethoxide as a base (Scheme 1). The procedure of this

Rasta resin–triphenylphosphine oxides and their use as recyclable heterogeneous reagent precursors in halogenation reactions

• Xuanshu Xia and
• Patrick H. Toy

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 1397–1405, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.143

• reagents and catalysts [27][28][29][30][31][32][33], and have used easily synthesized rasta resin–Ph3P (14) in various Wittig reactions that required only filtration and solvent removal for product purification (Figure 1) [27][28][29]. Additionally, 14 was converted into phosphonium salt 15, which proved

• previously used as a bifunctional reagent in one-pot Wittig reactions [29]. Gel-phase 31P NMR spectroscopic analysis of 18 indicated that oxidation of the phosphine groups was complete, and elemental analysis was used to determine the loading level of phosphine oxide and amine groups to be 1.07 mmol/g and

One-pot sequential synthesis of isocyanates and urea derivatives via a microwave-assisted Staudinger–aza-Wittig reaction

• Diego Carnaroglio,
• Katia Martina,
• Giovanni Palmisano,
• Andrea Penoni,
• Claudia Domini and
• Giancarlo Cravotto

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2013, 9, 2378–2386, doi:10.3762/bjoc.9.274

• , Hoffman and Lossen rearrangements have been used quite often in the past and are still used for specific applications [10][11][12][13]. The Staudinger–aza-Wittig reactions have played a pivotal role in the construction of cyclic and acyclic compounds [14][15][16][17][18][19]. The replacement of phosgene

• ). Seven different azido-derivatives were synthesized from the alkyl halide and reacted via Staudinger–aza-Wittig reactions. After the PS-PPh2 was filtered, the isocyanate solution was directly subjected to an addition of 2 equiv of 3 and heated up to 70 °C in the MW reactor for 3 h. Primary alkyl and

Gold(I)-catalyzed 6-endo hydroxycyclization of 7-substituted-1,6-enynes

• Ana M. Sanjuán,
• Alberto Martínez,
• Patricia García-García,
• Manuel A. Fernández-Rodríguez and
• Roberto Sanz

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2013, 9, 2242–2249, doi:10.3762/bjoc.9.263

• )phenyllithium with geranyl bromide and 1n by two Wittig reactions from 2’-(phenylethynyl)acetophenone (see Supporting Information File 1). First, the hydroxycyclization of 1m, as a pure E isomer, under the previously established conditions afforded the dihydronaphthalene derivative 7m as a single isomer (Scheme

The application of a monolithic triphenylphosphine reagent for conducting Ramirez gem-dibromoolefination reactions in flow

• Kimberley A. Roper,
• Malcolm B. Berry and
• Steven V. Ley

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2013, 9, 1781–1790, doi:10.3762/bjoc.9.207

• immobilising the triphenylphosphine on a solid-support [48]. A polymer-supported equivalent of triphenylphosphine has also been successfully utilised by our group and by others in batch Wittig reactions [49][50], Mitsunobu and Staudinger aza-Wittig reactions [51][52], as well as many examples concerning the

Facile synthesis of benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxides, a precursor of RSV inhibitors, by tandem amidation/intramolecular aza-Wittig reaction

• Krishna C. Majumdar and
• Sintu Ganai

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2013, 9, 503–509, doi:10.3762/bjoc.9.54

• derivatives by acid-catalyzed hydrolysis; reagents and conditions: 50 mg of compound 13, 1 mL HCl, 4 mL ethanol, 80 °C, 4 h. Summary of the intramolecular aza-Wittig reactions.a Summary of the intramolecular aza-Wittig reactions in a one-pot fashion.a Generalization of intramolecular aza-Wittig reaction.a

Intraannular photoreactions in pseudo-geminally substituted [2.2]paracyclophanes

• Henning Hopf,
• Vitaly Raev and
• Peter G. Jones

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2011, 7, 658–667, doi:10.3762/bjoc.7.78

• with the ylide prepared from cyclopropylcarbinyl triphenylphosphonium bromide and obtained in quantitative yield a product mixture consisting of the three possible diastereomers E,E-, E,Z- and Z,Z-22 (Scheme 8), the latter being the main product as is often observed in classical Wittig reactions

Application of the diastereoselective photodeconjugation of α,β-unsaturated esters to the synthesis of gymnastatin H

• Ludovic Raffier and
• Olivier Piva

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2011, 7, 151–155, doi:10.3762/bjoc.7.21

• manumycin C (12) isolated from Streptomyces parvulus [13]. Different groups have investigated the synthesis of gymnastatins 10a–c [14][15][16], compounds 11 [17] and 12 [18]. In most cases, the lateral acid chain was prepared starting from (R)-2-methyloctanal by iterative Wittig reactions to build the

Tandem catalysis of ring-closing metathesis/atom transfer radical reactions with homobimetallic ruthenium–arene complexes

• Yannick Borguet,
• Xavier Sauvage,
• Guillermo Zaragoza,
• Albert Demonceau and
• Lionel Delaude

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2010, 6, 1167–1173, doi:10.3762/bjoc.6.133

• ][13][14], ATRP [15][16][17][18], cyclopropanation [19], dihydroxylation [20], hydrogenation [21][22][23], hydrovinylation [24], isomerization [25][26][27][28], oxidation [29], or Wittig reactions [30], to name just a few [31]. In this contribution, we investigate the tandem catalysis of RCM/ATRC